Versión Español
EspañolCultural change is often imperceptible, until the market adjusts to the new social environment. In Buenos Aires, and the surrounding area, the emergence of dozens of “grow shops” over the past two years is evidence of this sort of shift. These stores specialize in the sale of soil, fertilizer, substrates, and pesticides that are used to grow a single plant species: marijuana.
Ignacio Goyret is the founder of Basta de Lobby, a grow shop located in Palermo — a neighborhood with a high concentration of these sorts of businesses. Goyret is a staunch proponent of the economic potential of the cannabis industry, and points to Chile as an example, where the law allows for the sale of marijuana seeds.
“In Argentina, we cannot advance when the law does not allow us to work at 100 percent [of our potential]. In my business, 99 percent of what we do is legal, while 1 percent — which is the seeds — is illegal,” he says.
“The public’s perception of the grow shops is becoming increasingly less prejudiced,” says Nelson Díaz, the manager of a local branch of Cultivo Urbano Grow. According to Goyret, while Argentinean society has begun to normalize the cultivation of marijuana, there is no sign of legal reform that would indicate the legalization of cannabis.
Nevertheless, the diffusion of “cannabis culture” in recent years has begun to break down barriers among the public with regard to marijuana, expanding the customer base of these grow shops, according to Díaz. The public is “really varied,” he says. “We have [customers] of all ages and professions, as well as an increasing number of new farmers, who have never grown anything but are encouraged to begin growing what they eat.”
“You wouldn’t believe the people that come into our grow shop,” Goyret says. “Your grandparents [are in here] too. And for the younger generations, we’re part of their society and culture.”
These cultural changes, however, have not been reflected in Argentinean law. The Argentina Narcotics Act, passed in 1989, imposes a prison term of four to 15 years on anyone who “sows or cultivates plants, or preserves seeds, that are used to produce narcotics.” The country’s previous anti-narcotics law, passed in 1974, was in force for 15 years before it was amended. The current law has been in effect now for 26 years, without undergoing any significant changes.
In 2009, a Supreme Court ruling declared certain articles within the law that criminalized the possession of small amounts of drugs for personal consumption to be unconstitutional. “This is not only about a respect for actions made in private, but the recognition of an environment in which every individual adult is free to make sovereign decisions over the lifestyle he chooses,” the court affirmed.
Despite the challenges that the law presents, there is burgeoning interest in cultivating marijuana in Argentina, as evidenced by the expansion of these grow shops. A complete kit to grow the plant indoors currently costs between AR$8,000 and AR$13,000 (between US$600 and US$970). The price includes a tent, turbine, fans, and lamps, among other tools necessary for cultivation. Finding seeds, however, is up to each individual grower.
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While growing marijuana is still currently illegal in Argentina, which is why grow shops can’t sell the seeds, the industry is booming thanks to greater social acceptance of a plant and increased consumption.
According to the Argentinean Drug Observatory, 3.2 percent of Argentineans between the age of 16 and 65 say they have used marijuana in the past year. The number skyrockets, however, when looking only at Buenos Aires, where the figure reaches almost 10 percent, according to a 2014 report.
Goyret believes that social acceptance of marijuana has been driven, at least in part, by the recognition of the plant’s medicinal properties. People are now beginning to “realize that it is a plant that has been used for thousands of years,” he says, and that its use “can help patients with their treatment and reduce seizures in children.”
As for jumping into the legal marijuana market, opinions are mixed. The grow shop Basta de Lobby is solely focused on growing, as reflected in its slogan: “Todo para mi reina” (Everything for my queen). On the other hand, Cultivo Urbano Grow welcomes the opportunity to expand its business, especially in the field of medical marijuana. “If the law allowed it,” Díaz says, “we would be very interested in contributing to the medical [marijuana] market in the production of seeds, oils, creams, and informative seminars.”
